When considering how to make environment, social and governance (ESG) a real driving force that helps to shape the work of companies, gold miner Harmony Gold sustainable development group executive Melanie Naidoo-Vermaak believes the real work lies in bringing “different evidence of ESG issues and embedding it within an organisation so that a robust organisation can be built”. This, she says, is critical when aiming to create a balance between the three pillars, as there is a high degree of overlap and integration between the elements, and when creating value for an organisation, while simultaneously managing and optimising different opportunities.