A circular economy in the concrete and cement industry could produce €110-billion in net value and avoid or mitigate two-billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions by 2050, driven by the capture, storage and use of CO₂ from cement and concrete production, the re-use of energy from waste material and the recirculation of materials and minerals across the built environment. Adoption of circular technologies could also decarbonise 80% of all cement and concrete emissions by 2050, management consulting firm McKinsey’s ‘The Circular cement value chain: Sustainable and profitable’ report projects.